{"id":20,"date":"2012-06-12T14:44:54","date_gmt":"2012-06-12T14:44:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/malsyni.hi.is\/?page_id=20"},"modified":"2024-06-21T09:50:38","modified_gmt":"2024-06-21T09:50:38","slug":"afritun","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/malsyni.hi.is\/?page_id=20","title":{"rendered":"Afritun"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00deegar b\u00fai\u00f0 er a\u00f0 taka m\u00e1ls\u00fdni\u00f0 er hafist handa vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 afrita \u00fea\u00f0. Byrja\u00f0 er a\u00f0 skr\u00e1 aldur barnsins og kyn. \u00c1 netinu er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 finna nokkur forrit sem reikna \u00fat aldur t.d. http:\/\/www.calculator.net\/age-calculator.html.<\/a> S\u00ed\u00f0an er skr\u00e1\u00f0ur dagurinn sem m\u00e1ls\u00fdni\u00f0 var teki\u00f0. M\u00e1ls\u00fdni sem var teki\u00f0 21.febr\u00faar 2024 er skr\u00e1\u00f0 \u00e1 eftirfarandi h\u00e1tt 21.2.24.<\/p>\n

D\u00e6mi:<\/strong>
\nKyn: St\u00falka
\nAldur: 3;8:0
\nDagsetning: 21.2.2024<\/p>\n

Afritun m\u00e1ls\u00fdna felst \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 skr\u00e1 tal, b\u00e6\u00f0i barns (B) og vi\u00f0m\u00e6landa (V), n\u00e1kv\u00e6mlega ni\u00f0ur fr\u00e1 or\u00f0i til or\u00f0s. Upphaf seg\u00f0a vi\u00f0m\u00e6landa eru merktar me\u00f0 st\u00f3ru V og upphaf seg\u00f0a barns eru merktar me\u00f0 st\u00f3ru B (sj\u00e1 n\u00e1nari lei\u00f0beiningar um skiptingu \u00ed seg\u00f0ir \u00ed handb\u00f3k). Stundum \u00fearf a\u00f0 hlusta aftur og aftur \u00e1 m\u00e1ls\u00fdni\u00f0 til a\u00f0 \u00e1tta sig \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed hva\u00f0 barni\u00f0 er a\u00f0 segja. Engu a\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0ur er gott a\u00f0 hafa \u00fea\u00f0 til vi\u00f0mi\u00f0unar a\u00f0 hlusta ekki oftar en fimm<\/strong> sinnum \u00e1 sama or\u00f0i\u00f0. Ef afritarinn heyrir ekki hva\u00f0 barni\u00f0 segir \u00e1 uppt\u00f6kunni eftir svo margar endurtekningar, er \u00f3l\u00edklegt a\u00f0 h\u00e6gt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 greina hva\u00f0 barni\u00f0 segir. \u00dear sem m\u00e1ls\u00fdni\u00f0 ver\u00f0ur n\u00fa a\u00f0 rita\u00f0ri heimild um samskipti vi\u00f0m\u00e6lendanna, ver\u00f0ur afritunin a\u00f0 vera n\u00e1kv\u00e6m. M\u00e1ls\u00fdni\u00f0 \u00e1 a\u00f0 skr\u00e1 or\u00f0r\u00e9tt me\u00f0 \u201em\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ivillum\u201c en rangur frambur\u00f0ur er ekki skr\u00e1\u00f0ur s\u00e9rstaklega. Hver seg\u00f0 byrjar \u00e1 st\u00f3rum staf og endar \u00e1vallt \u00e1 punkti, nema ef um spurningu er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a, \u00fe\u00e1 skal nota spurningarmerki.<\/p>\n

Skr\u00e1ning seg\u00f0a<\/strong>
\nM\u00e1ls\u00fdni er skr\u00e1\u00f0 ni\u00f0ur eftir seg\u00f0um en seg\u00f0 getur veri\u00f0 heil m\u00e1lsgrein, setning e\u00f0a jafnvel eitt or\u00f0 (t.d. sem svar vi\u00f0 spurningu). \u00dea\u00f0 er mikilv\u00e6gt a\u00f0 huga a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed hvernig seg\u00f0ir eru skr\u00e1\u00f0ar. Almenna reglan er s\u00fa a\u00f0 ein a\u00f0alsetning e\u00f0a merkingarb\u00e6rt setningarbrot sem einhver segir \u00ed einu lagi er ein seg\u00f0. Merking setningarbrots r\u00e6\u00f0st \u00fat fr\u00e1 samhengi en ekki er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 skipta seg\u00f0 frekar ni\u00f0ur \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 grundvallarmerking hennar breytist.<\/p>\n

A\u00f0alsetningar og aukasetningar<\/strong>
\nMeginreglan er a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 hverja a\u00f0altengingu hefst n\u00fd seg\u00f0. Algengustu a\u00f0altengingar eru: og, en, e\u00f0a, heldur, enda<\/em>.<\/p>\n

D\u00e6mi:
\n<\/strong>V Hva\u00f0 ger\u00f0u\u00f0 \u00fei\u00f0 \u00ed g\u00e6r?
\nB \u00c9g f\u00f3r \u00ed sund til \u00feess a\u00f0 hitta Hjalta.
\nB En S\u00f3l f\u00f3r \u00ed b\u00ed\u00f3.
\nV Me\u00f0 hverjum f\u00f3r S\u00f3l \u00ed b\u00ed\u00f3?
\nB Me\u00f0 H\u00f6nnu.
\nB Og \u00fea\u00f0 var rosalega gaman.<\/p>\n

Aukasetningar fylgja oft a\u00f0alsetningum. Aukasetningar tengjast vi\u00f0 a\u00f0alsetningar me\u00f0 aukatengingum. Helstu aukatengingar \u00ed \u00edslensku eru: sem, a\u00f0, ef, \u00feegar, hvort, svo, \u00fe\u00e1, af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0<\/em>. Aukasetningar geta ekki sta\u00f0i\u00f0 einar og s\u00e9r \u00fear sem \u00fe\u00e6r eru h\u00e1\u00f0ar \u00fev\u00ed samhengi sem a\u00f0alsetningin setur \u00feeim \u00fev\u00ed eru \u00fe\u00e6r ekki skr\u00e1\u00f0ar sem s\u00e9r seg\u00f0ir.<\/p>\n

D\u00e6mi:<\/strong>
\nV Hva\u00f0 ger\u00f0u\u00f0 \u00fei\u00f0 \u00feegar \u00fei\u00f0 komu\u00f0 inn \u00far \u00fativeru?
\nB Strax \u00feegar vi\u00f0 f\u00f3rum inn \u00fe\u00e1 f\u00f3rum vi\u00f0 \u00e1 kl\u00f3setti\u00f0.
\nB Og settumst \u00ed samveru.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3nh\u00e6\u00f0, hik og \u00edt\u00f3nun.<\/strong>
\nEinnig er skipt \u00ed seg\u00f0ir ef t\u00f3nh\u00e6\u00f0 breytist, hika\u00f0 er \u00ed meira en 2 sek\u00fandur og\/e\u00f0a \u00feegar barn dregur inn andann sem gefur til kynna n\u00fdja hugsun (sj\u00e1 n\u00e1nar \u00ed handb\u00f3k).<\/p>\n

Hlj\u00f3mfall:<\/em> Mikilv\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 hlusta \u00e1 hlj\u00f3mfall og \u00edt\u00f3nun (h\u00e6kkandi og l\u00e6kkandi). \u00dea\u00f0 hj\u00e1lpar til vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00e1kvar\u00f0a upphaf og endi seg\u00f0ar.<\/p>\n

Hl\u00e9:<\/em> Algengt er a\u00f0 m\u00e1lnotendur geri hl\u00e9 \u00e1 tali s\u00ednu. Ef hl\u00e9 varir \u00ed 2 sek\u00fandur e\u00f0a lengur, er skipt \u00ed n\u00fdja seg\u00f0.<\/p>\n

Lengra hl\u00e9:<\/em> \u00dea\u00f0 getur veri\u00f0 e\u00f0lilegt a\u00f0 lengra hl\u00e9 komi fyrir sem e\u00f0lilegur hluti af \u00edt\u00f3nun sem \u00fe\u00e1 telst ekki hluti af seg\u00f0. Sl\u00edkt er \u00fe\u00f3 ekki skr\u00e1\u00f0 s\u00e9rstaklega.<\/p>\n

J\u00e1 og nei sv\u00f6r.<\/strong>
\nEf vi\u00f0m\u00e6landi spyr spurningu sem krefst j\u00e1 e\u00f0a nei svars og barni\u00f0 fylgir svarinu me\u00f0 heilli setningu, \u00fe\u00e1 skal skr\u00e1 j\u00e1\/nei sem s\u00e9r seg\u00f0.<\/p>\n

D\u00e6mi:<\/strong>
\nV Er h\u00fan vinkona \u00fe\u00edn?
\nB J\u00e1.
\nB Sumir segja a\u00f0 h\u00fan s\u00e9 lei\u00f0inleg vi\u00f0 mann.<\/p>\n

Beinar tilvitnanir<\/strong>
\nBeinar tilvitnanir sem eru hluti af seg\u00f0 eru ekki haf\u00f0ar sem s\u00e9r seg\u00f0. Hins vegar ef tilvitnunin heldur \u00e1fram \u00ed n\u00fdrri setningu \u00fe\u00e1 er h\u00fan skr\u00e1\u00f0 sem s\u00e9r seg\u00f0.<\/p>\n

D\u00e6mi:<\/strong>
\nV Hva\u00f0 fannst \u00f6mmu \u00feinni um myndina \u00fe\u00edna?
\nB H\u00fan sag\u00f0i \u00feetta er n\u00fa f\u00edn mynd hj\u00e1 \u00fe\u00e9r elskan m\u00edn.
\nB Viltu hengja hana upp \u00e1 \u00edssk\u00e1p?<\/p>\n

Upptalning<\/strong>
\nEf barni\u00f0 telur upp marga hluti me\u00f0 a\u00f0altengingu \u00fe\u00e1 skal skr\u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 sem eina seg\u00f0 fram yfir \u00ferj\u00e1r a\u00f0altengingar. \u00dea\u00f0 sem er tali\u00f0 upp eftir \u00fea\u00f0 skal skr\u00e1 sem s\u00e9r seg\u00f0ir.<\/p>\n

D\u00e6mi:<\/strong>
\nV J\u00e1. Hva\u00f0 perlar \u00fe\u00fa?
\nB [Mm] Stj\u00f6rnur og hringi og kassa og svona bl\u00f3m.
\nB Og hjarta.
\nB Og broskarl.<\/p>\n

\u00dat\u00fard\u00farar (e. maze)<\/strong>
\n\u00dat\u00fard\u00farar geta veri\u00f0 margs konar, t.d. \u00feegar byrja\u00f0 er \u00e1 setningu en h\u00fan er ekki kl\u00e1ru\u00f0, h\u00e6tt er vi\u00f0 setningu og byrja\u00f0 er aftur, lei\u00f0r\u00e9tting ver\u00f0ur \u00ed mi\u00f0ri setningu, endurtekningar, hikor\u00f0 og uppfyllingar. \u00dat\u00fard\u00farar eru skr\u00e1\u00f0ir s\u00e9rstaklega og merktir me\u00f0 hornklofa [ ], svo a\u00f0 eftir stendur a\u00f0eins s\u00e1 hluti seg\u00f0ar sem er sk\u00fdrastur, svo a\u00f0 samhengi ver\u00f0i sem best. Upphr\u00f3panir eru almennt l\u00edka rita\u00f0ar innan hornklofa, t.d. [\u00faff, \u00e6, v\u00e1, ojj] nema \u00fe\u00e6r gegni merkingarlegum tilgangi.<\/p>\n

D\u00e6mi:<\/strong>
\nB [f\u00f3rum vi\u00f0 til, til, \u00fe\u00fa veist,] vi\u00f0 \u00e6tlu\u00f0um a\u00f0 fara \u00ed [\u00e6, ge, nei sk, sk\u00ed],
\nSk\u00ed\u00f0abrekkuna.
\nB En [vi\u00f0 g\u00e1tum] \u00fea\u00f0 snj\u00f3a\u00f0i svo miki\u00f0.
\n\u00dat\u00fard\u00farar eru ekki taldir me\u00f0 sem or<\/span>\u00f0 \u00ed seg\u00f0um, \u00feannig a\u00f0 d\u00e6mi\u00f0 h\u00e9r a\u00f0 ofan er ein seg\u00f0 me\u00f0 11 or\u00f0um.<\/p>\n

\u00d3skiljanleg or\u00f0 e\u00f0a setningar<\/strong>
\n\u00d3skiljanleg or\u00f0 e\u00f0a setningarhlutar eru skr\u00e1\u00f0ar me\u00f0 XXX sama hversu m\u00f6rg atkv\u00e6\u00f0i vir\u00f0ast vera \u00ed \u00f3skiljanlega hlutanum. \u00deau eru ekki<\/span> talin me\u00f0 sem or\u00f0 n\u00e9 seg\u00f0ir. Athuga skal a\u00f0 \u00feetta \u00e1 eing\u00f6ngu vi\u00f0 um seg\u00f0ir barns en ekki vi\u00f0m\u00e6landa.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ivillur<\/strong>
\nM\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ivillur eru merktar me\u00f0 \u00edslenskum g\u00e6sal\u00f6ppum. Ef um er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ivillu \u00ed sambeygingu or\u00f0a, skal telja hana sem eina villu. Ef m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ivillan felst \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 eitthvert kerfisor\u00f0 vantar, skal rita g\u00e6salappir \u00fear sem or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00e6tti a\u00f0 standa.<\/p>\n

D\u00e6mi<\/strong>
\nB Hann er \u201eg\u00f3\u00f0\u201c.
\nB Hann er \u201eg\u00f3\u00f0um manni\u201c.
\nB Vi\u00f0 \u00e1ttum \u201e\u201c fara.<\/p>\n

Erlend or\u00f0<\/strong>
\nErlend or\u00f0 (t.d. s\u00e9rn\u00f6fn og heiti fyrirb\u00e6ra) eru skr\u00e1\u00f0 me\u00f0 st\u00f3rum upphafsst\u00f6fum sem og erlendar upphr\u00f3panir.<\/p>\n

D\u00e6mi<\/strong>
\nSpiderman, Frozen, Baby, Minions, Lego, Barbie, Unicorn, Rainbow og Stitch.<\/p>\n

Einnig skal rita BabyYoda, HelloKitty, OhMyGod og skyld or\u00f0 \u00ed einu or\u00f0i \u00fear sem b\u00f6rnin kunna einungis samhengi\u00f0, \u00fe.e. \u00feekkja \u00feetta bara sem eitt or\u00f0.<\/p>\n

Stafsetningarreglur<\/strong>
\nMj\u00f6g mikilv\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 passa upp \u00e1 stafsetningarreglur,t.d. \u00feegar um samsett or\u00f0 er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a, \u00fear sem villur \u00ed afritun geta haft \u00e1hrif \u00e1 talningu or\u00f0a og fj\u00f6lda mismunandi or\u00f0a.<\/p>\n

D\u00e6mi:<\/strong>
\n\u00dat af \u00fev\u00ed<\/em> eru \u00ferj\u00fa or\u00f0.
\nAf hverju<\/em> eru tv\u00f6 or\u00f0.
\nAlls konar<\/em> eru tv\u00f6 or\u00f0.<\/p>\n

Hva\u00f0 fannstu<\/em> skal rita\u00f0 Hva\u00f0 fannst \u00fe\u00fa?
\nEins skal rita soldi\u00f0<\/em> og d\u00e1ldi\u00f0<\/em> sem svol\u00edti\u00f0 og d\u00e1l\u00edti\u00f0<\/p>\n

Ef frambur\u00f0ur er ekki r\u00e9ttu<\/span>r, skal samt stafsetja or\u00f0i\u00f0 r\u00e9tt<\/span>.<\/p>\n

D\u00e6mi<\/strong>
\n\u00c9g heiti \u00deiggi<\/em> skal rita\u00f0: \u00c9g heiti Siggi.
\n\u00deetta er t\u00f6rvama\u00f0ur<\/em> skal rita\u00f0: \u00deetta er t\u00f6frama\u00f0ur.<\/p>\n

Einnig \u00fearf a\u00f0 g\u00e6ta samr\u00e6mis \u00ed or\u00f0um<\/span> sem geta haft mismunandi ritunarh\u00e1tt.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00e6mi<\/strong>
\nOkei, skr\u00fdti\u00f0, m\u00f6ffins, p\u00edtsa o.fl.<\/p>\n

Skr\u00e1ning:<\/strong>
\nB Seg\u00f0ir barns.
\nV Seg\u00f0ir vi\u00f0m\u00e6landa.
\n[ ] \u00dat\u00fard\u00farar (e. mazes).
\nXXX \u00d3skiljanleg seg\u00f0.
\n\u201e \u201c M\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ivillur
\nByrja alltaf \u00e1 st\u00f3rum staf og enda \u00e1 punkti e\u00f0a spurningamerki eftir \u00fev\u00ed hva\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00e1.
\n\u00deessi vi\u00f0mi\u00f0 vi\u00f0 afritun eru bygg\u00f0 \u00e1 afritunarreglum SALT (SALT Software, 2016) og CHILDES (MacWhinney, 2000). D\u00e6min eru m.a. \u00far Gagnabanka J\u00f3h\u00f6nnu Thelmu Einars\u00acd\u00f3ttur um m\u00e1lsyni (GJEUM) (J\u00f3hanna Thelma Einarsd\u00f3ttir, 2016).<\/p>\n

D\u00e6mi um afrita\u00f0 m\u00e1ls\u00fdni<\/strong>
\nHlusti\u00f0 \u00e1 eftirfarandi hlj\u00f3\u00f0skr\u00e1 me\u00f0 textaskjali\u00f0 a\u00f0 augum til a\u00f0 \u00e6fa afritun
\nHlj\u00f3\u00f0skr\u00e1<\/a>\u00a0– \u00a0Textaskjal<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00deegar b\u00fai\u00f0 er a\u00f0 taka m\u00e1ls\u00fdni\u00f0 er hafist handa vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 afrita \u00fea\u00f0. Byrja\u00f0 er a\u00f0 skr\u00e1 aldur barnsins og kyn. \u00c1 netinu er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 finna nokkur forrit sem reikna \u00fat aldur t.d. http:\/\/www.calculator.net\/age-calculator.html. S\u00ed\u00f0an er skr\u00e1\u00f0ur dagurinn sem m\u00e1ls\u00fdni\u00f0 var teki\u00f0. M\u00e1ls\u00fdni sem var teki\u00f0 21.febr\u00faar 2024 er skr\u00e1\u00f0 \u00e1 eftirfarandi h\u00e1tt 21.2.24.…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-20","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/malsyni.hi.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/malsyni.hi.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/malsyni.hi.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/malsyni.hi.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/malsyni.hi.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=20"}],"version-history":[{"count":43,"href":"https:\/\/malsyni.hi.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":241,"href":"https:\/\/malsyni.hi.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20\/revisions\/241"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/malsyni.hi.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=20"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}